Abstract:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among
women, with a new breast cancer being diagnosed
every 29 seconds. Metastatic triple-negative breast
cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype
that responds poorly to current chemotherapy and
immunotherapy. Furthermore, angiogenesis facilitates
tumor metastasis by promoting the hematogenic
dissemination of cancer cells from solid tumors. TNBCs
also have higher levels of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The
highly plastic CSCs have enhanced tumor-promoting
properties and resistance to therapies leading to
metastasis and recurrence.
